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Modals and their Functions || English

MODALS AND THEIR FUNCTION
Modal
Function
Examples
Must
To express necessity/obligation
Ø  I must finish tiss task by ten today.
Ø  Student must do the test in less than hour.
To express a strong degree of certainty
Rio : why is Johan absent today?
Tina : he must be sick.
Should/ought to
To express advisability
F  You ought to go to the doctor now.
F  We have work hard. We should take a rest.
Can

To express an ability
ÿ Susi can sing well.
ÿ Aldo can run fast.
To express informal permission
P You can leave now.
P You can eat the cake.
To express informal polite request
Can I borrow your pencil?
Could
To express polite request
Could you do thee dishes
To express certainty (not very strong)
Where is Tiara?
She could be in the teacher’s
office
May
To express a weak degree of certainty
Why isn’t Thea in class?
She may be in library.
To express formal permission
You may do the exercises now.
Will
To express 100% certainty
Q  He will be here at six
Q  He wwilll come on time
To express willingness
Rika : I need some flour now.
Totok : I will get it for you
Would
To express polite request
¯  Would you move a bit
¯  Would you help me cook the food
To express an action that was repeated regularly in the past
When I was a child, my mother would read me a story before bed


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